Who can get federal grants?
Federal grants fund public purposes, so most go to organizations. Here's what each applicant type on Grants.gov means and what to expect.
Nonprofits
Organizations with IRS 501(c)(3) status are eligible for many federal grants, especially in health, education, community development and social services. Nonprofits without 501(c)(3) status are listed separately and are eligible for fewer.
State, county, city and special-district governments
Governments receive a large share of federal grant funding, for infrastructure, public safety, broadband, housing, transportation and disaster mitigation. Some programs reach local governments through their state.
Schools, colleges and universities
Independent school districts, public and private colleges and universities apply for education and research grants. Research agencies such as NIH and NSF fund most university grants.
Tribal governments and organizations
Federally recognized tribal governments and other Native American tribal organizations have dedicated programs (housing, broadband, health, language and culture) and are eligible for many general programs.
Small businesses
Small businesses are eligible for some federal grants, most often research and development through the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) programs. Federal grants generally don't fund starting or running an ordinary business; the SBA's loan programs are a different route.
Individuals
Few federal grants are open to individuals (some fellowships and scholarships). Federal agencies don't give “free money” for personal needs like bills or debt. Benefits programs are separate and are found at USA.gov. Anyone who asks for a fee to get you a federal grant is likely running a scam.
Before you apply
- Most organizations must register in SAM.gov (free) and on Grants.gov to apply. Registration can take weeks, so start early.
- Read the full announcement: eligibility, cost sharing, deadlines and the exact submission time and time zone.
- Applying on Grants.gov is free.